2.
   2021
/   
      
(1947-2000 .)
 : 3     :50
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.                      
2.               '  
 -
3. 1966             
4.              
 -
5.           
2.
6.              
-
7.            
8.        -       '  
   2021
/   
      
(1947-2000 .)
 : 3     :50
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.                      
:            
1.         
   ,            ' 
         "   " ,   
2.
              
  
  ,   '           
 ,            
            ,  -
   
2.     
20
   ,     -      
:     -  
    '            
  ,              
   '          ,  
          
3.    (1940)
     1940            
-               
        
      - 
 ,               
    
4.   
1940     ,    '         
                
1946           ,      
        ,       
 -  
 
5.     
         
 ,     
   -        1947    '  
    :   
       :
      
2.
     
            
 
   ,            
,   -  
     
1.           
                   ,
     
   
-       ,    
,   
     , , ,         
            10-12    
  
2.      
  
       '    
           
 , 
     
             ,  
       
3.  
               ,  
  
          
            
   ,            "  
"    
4.      
             
 ,    ,        

2.
       ,        
               
  
5.      
                 , 
     
     -  ,    -   
       - ,      
   
 ,          
    
 ,   
6.      
          ,     
       
       ,      
  
 

    -   
;     ,  
         '       
  - , ,    -      
 ,   ,             
         ,      ,
   -       
 
2.               '  
:1.  -    

1947 ,        ,      
      ,         
2.
    
 -            
     ,         
    -  :
 -   
   ,     
    
    -         
 ,             
   
2.     -      
             , 
      ,      
    
 ,        ,     
   ,          

              '   
      
3.    -     
 
              
            ,     
             
    
     - 
 -     
   ,           , 
    ,      
4.        
   
    , ,      
 :
            
          
   
   -        
    '       '     
2.
5.  -      
             
,               
           
  
    
 -           ,  
            
6.        
         
     
- ,   ,            
           ,  
   
,            
  -,         
7.       
    ,          
            "  " 
,  1960            
  ,            
 ,        
 -   - 
 
8.    
   
              , 
  ,         
 :
      ,      
,        
            
  
                
   - ,    -         ,  
 ,        , , ,      
2.
     ,   ,        
  
 -
3. 1966             
::       
  1947   ,          
      -       
,         '       
   
   
 -  ,          
 ,         ,    
 ,   ,          
,      
    ,           , 
             - 
   ,       
       
    ?
" "      "   "       '
       ,        
    
      
       ,         
 ,                 
     
             ,   
        '      
2.
     
?
       :
1.       
           
     
,       
2.   
                 
 '      
3.    
 , ,              
      
4.   
 ,                 
        
   ,         
   
   -  
        ,
      
, ,           ,  
 '    ,      '     
    
  
   -   ,  
     
 -,              
           
2.

1960     ,           
 
 
     -  ,     
     
     , 1966 
1966       ?
           
1.   
           
2.   
         
3.      
             
       
4.          
         ,     '  
    
  
           
   
    
    
        
     '        

2.
         
    
        
             
             
    ',           
  
         
  -    
        
    ,            
,       
               
  

  ,            
      , 1966     ,    
       
   '     
 -        
      
4.              
:1.     ?
  1960                 
 
 -   ,       
    :
2.
-     (HYV) -        
      -         
   -       ,   
 -     ,     
          ,    
  
2.      
?
          
:
    ,        
         
          
 ,       " "     

3.    -  , 
               
      ,         
  :
    '    
 
 "  "   
    ,     
                 ,  
         
4.    -     
            ,  
   ,             -
          ,        , 
  -   
     ,             
5.     -  
 
      
 -    
2.
    
         
  
           
     -        ,   
      
           
6.       
             :
    :           
 
    :      ,     
 
 :       ,     
    :        ,  
    
 ,        ,        

7.     
 ,                
            : 
      
              ,   
             
  
              
 ,      ,          
   -      ,    ,    
     ,           

 -
2.
5.           
:  
""           " "   

         -        
,       '       
    '         
   
      
  :   
    19
    20
      
                
      - ,      
     
   ,             
,             ,   
 ,          
          
   ,
        ,    
         ,     
       

   (1947)
      1947          
  ,                
               

             
   ,            '
           '    
 
      :  
1950    ,           

             
   ,      
2.
 ,   1960         ,  
              
    ,  -    , ,  
   
 ,      ,     
       , 1970         
    -       
      
        :
1.    :
 ,         
2.  :
      ,    
   
3.   :
        ,     
 
   ,      
4.    :
          ,     
   
  '    
             
      ,   
 ,    

,        
 ,    -    -       ,
       ,        
    
   ,    
       
       ,     -   
           
     
             
2.
       ,   , ,  
   
     ,        
  
     ,      

   ,        ,     
  
       
    
   ,  - 
               
 ,       -       
          ,   
            
,             
    
    
,          ,  ,  
               
    ,            
    
             
 

    ,       
            ,   
     ,        
       ,     
 
            
 :
      
 -           
      
2.
  ,             
    ,          
  
 
,         -  
6.              
:1.  -     
    ,     -  - 
  -,            
   

      ,           
:
,      
       
     
         
2.         
              
,         ,     
     
 :
   - ()     ,  
      
     
      
 
--          
 
              
3.        
2.
       1882         ( 
       )       , 
, ,        
     :
   ,  (1892)-     
   ,  -         
    -      

        

4.      
1947             ,   
               
      ,  :
  ,  (1962)-      
    ,  (1969)-     ' 
 
    ,       

              

5.      
-    ,          
    :
       
        
        
         
,       
 
6.    
  -,        ,   
               
        
2.
-,     ,          
7.    -    
    ,       ,  
            
  
       
  ,            
  ,          ,   
    
8.   '  
          :
         - , , , 
   ,        
      ,         
  
 ,       
 
  
              ,  
   - ,   ,    
   ,       ,      
 
       
 -  ,   
             ,    
 ,      
-
7.            
:      
        
     
  ,          - 
      '   ,      
2.
    

      
; 
 -, ,    
 
                
                
 ,              
          ,      '
   ,           ,   
        
,  ,   
       
      
1.    
  ,          
                 
    
       ,         
               
  '      
2.  
   19
 20
        , 
             
                
           ,
          
       ,       
             
   
      
      
      ,     
:
 :              
  
2.
 :-, -  -   ,  
  
 
     :         ,  
   
 
   :   ,       
     
     
         
 ,          
   
        
   '    

     ,     ,   
      
        ""  ""    
   '  ,          ,  
  ,        
      
    20
         
      
         ,      
        ,      
 '  
 ,   ,   --      
           , 
      
       
   :          , 
     
 
 -   :       ,    
    
2.
   :      
 
    :    '    
 '     
        
       
;      
    ,       
  
  :
   :          
  :   ,     -
 
 
  :         
 
     :         
  
 ,              
     

          ,   
                 
  ,              , 
       
 ,              ,
    -    
8.        -       '  
:1.          
         ,      
   ,                
      
        
2.
   :           
     
   :           
 
    :            
 
  :  ,        
          
  '  
  :        
 ,  
     
   :       ,  
     
    :     ,    -   
 
   :        ,   


   
        
-            
             
            
 
 ,          ,     
  
2.         
    '    -           
     ,    
    
 

   :   ',          
     
   :            
    :  -  -     
   :      
 
          
2.
  '  
   :         ,  
  
   :    ,       
  :         ,  
, , ,         
  :           


   
     '        - 
  
 ,            
 
-         ,  
    
           
-,    ,            
    
3.    
  ',              
   
           
   
           
 
   
         
  
  ,    
         
 - 
-,         
4.   
             ' 
      ,        
     :
:  ,     
  :          
2.
     : ,         
      :          

    :       , 
    
  
              
         ,        
,     ,      ,  
    
"                 
 
          ,         
 "